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# anyone who/ those who/ a person who/ whoever 的用法 **-ever (whoever/ whatever/ whichever/ however/ whomever)** 一直是高中學生解不開的結,學生會一直周旋在:whoever 到底是 anyone who 還是 no matter who,其實兩者皆是。但 **anyone who** 跟 **no matter who** 有著不同的文法:前者意思為「任何…的人」,是 **[關係代名詞](/view/344aebd5c8?subj=english)**;後者意思為「不管是誰」,屬於**連接詞**,引導一個「副詞子句」。舉例來說: ::: document Whoever is kind toward people in need is always happy. (任何人只要他對待需要的人善良,他都會獲得開心的。) Whoever is kind toward people in need, he or she is my role model. (不管是誰對待需要幫助的人善良,他都是我的典範。) ::: 第一句中的 whoever 是 anyone who,因為他引導的是一個**名詞子句**,當作主詞。而第二句的 whoever 則是 no matter who,因為所引導的是一個副詞子,表示讓步。總而言之,**whoever 有可能意為 whoever,也有可能意為 anyone who**,而在這個章節裡,我們將對其作為 anyone who 的用法深入探討。 ## 從 anyone who 到 whoever 首先,**anyone who** 中文翻作「凡是…的人(們)都…」或「任何…人都…」。在此,anyone 是先行詞,而 who 則是關係代名詞,所以 anyone who 兩個字加起來文法就稱為「複合關代」,讓我們來看個例句吧: ::: document **Anyone who** is late is not allowed to enter the room. (凡是遲到的人都不能進教室。) ::: 在這句話中,who 是關代,引導出 is late 這個形容詞子句來修飾先行詞 anyone。綜合起來,才會產生一個真正的主詞——「凡是遲到的人」,而主要動詞則是 is not allowed。再來,我們可以將 anyone who 用以下替換: ::: document **Anyone who** is late is not allowed to enter the classroom. = **Whoever** is late is not allowed to enter the classroom. = **He who** is late is not allowed to enter the classroom. = **One who** is late is not allowed to enter the classroom. = **The person** who is late is not allowed to enter the classroom. (凡是遲到的人都不能進教室。) ::: 值得注意的是,上面這幾句話的先行詞都是單數,所以形容詞子句的動詞要用第三人稱單數的「is」,而主要句子的動詞也要跟主詞 anyone/ he/ the person 一致。我們也可以將主詞「人」單數改成複數的「人們」,如 those/ they/ people/ those people,再改寫成以下: ::: document **Those who** are late are not allowed to enter the classroom. = **They who** are late are not allowed to enter the classroom. = **People who** are late are not allowed to enter the classroom. = **Those people who** are late are not allowed to enter the classroom. ::: 這裡要記得的是,因為這一組的先行詞都是複數「人們」,所以不管是子句還是主要句子的動詞,都用要複數動詞 are。另外,上面的幾句話還可以改寫成: ::: document **Such as** are late are not allowed to enter the classroom. = **Such people as** are late are not allowed to enter the classroom. ::: 這裡的 as 是作為關係代名詞的用法。原本為 such people as,但常把 people 省略掉而成 such as。同學們很容易將此與「舉例說明」的 such as 用法搞混,也容易以為是 such 的倒裝句。例如: ::: document **such as「例如」**: I like many subjects, such as English, math and Chinese. **such 的倒裝用法**: **Such** a beautiful girl **is she** that everyone loves her. ::: ## whoever 與 whomever 到目前為止,我們討論的都是 anyone who = whoever 當主詞,但既然 anyone who 跟 whoever 都是引導出一個名詞子句,那麼當然也可以像一般名詞一樣放在受詞的位置囉!接下來我們來看一下 anyone who 跟 whoever 當「受詞」的用法。 ::: document (你可以把這本書給任何需要的人。) (O) You can give the book to **anyone who** needs it. (O) You can give the book to **whoever** needs it. (X) You can give the book to whomever needs it. ::: 值得注意的是,這句的 who 是 need it 的主詞,所以我們會用 whoever,而不是 whomever。whom為介係詞 to 的受格,因此很多學生會認為這句話應該要用 whomever。但這是錯的,我們應該先看先行詞(anyone)在子句裡面的角色是主詞還動詞,舉例來說: ::: document You can give the book to **anyone whom** you like. = You can give the book to **whomever** you like. ::: 在這個例子,anyone 是先行詞,whom 所引導的子句是當受詞的功能,就像 「you like someone」裡的「someone」一樣,因此,這裡使用 whomever 較佳。然而,但現代文法漸漸將 whoever 代替 whomever,所以當你聽到「You can give the book to whoever you like」時,也別不要太意外呢!下一章節,我們就會來談討更多的 **[複合關係代名詞](/view/20270865b4?subj=english)** (whomever/ whosever/ anyone whose/ whichever/ whatever/ what)喔! ## 公式小整理 最後我們來統整一下公式吧: ::: document (Anyone who/ Whoever/ He who/ One who/ The person who) \+ V單 ::: ::: document (Those who/ They who/ People who/ Those people who) \+ V複 = Such (people) as + V複 ::: ## those who 的佳句補充 those who 這個用法經常會出現在名言佳句中,可以泛指「那些人們」,舉例來說: ::: document God helps **those who** help themselves. (天助自助者。) Blessed are **those who** love Him! (愛祂的人有福了!) Fortune favors **those who** use their judgment. (幸運眷顧善於判斷者。) :::
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