So... that... 的倒裝用法
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so… that 「如此…以致於…」的倒裝用法

so… that 意思為「如此…以致於…」,這是國中時期的必考文法之一,而我們在上一個章節也做了詳盡的說明。但是到了高中之後,so that 就不再像國中一樣單純了:它的倒裝句成了困惑許多高中生的文法難題。

so… that 與 such… that

首先,讓我們先用例句來複習上一個章節學過的句型:

Jenny got so sick that she lied in bed all day. 
(Jenny 病得如此重以致她整天躺在床上。) 
The day was so hot that we went swimming. 
(天氣好熱,熱到我們去游泳了。)

另外,我們也可以將第二個句子改寫成:

It was so hot a day that we went swimming.

就像上面所看到的,so 後面必須接著形容詞。當然,so… that… 的句型也可以改寫成 such… that…,但不同點在於,such 後面要接的是名詞片語,而非形容詞。例如,上面的例句便可以改寫成:

(O) It was such a hot day that we went swimming. 
(X) It was such hot a day that we went swimming.

第二個句子是錯誤的,因為 such 之後需要加上的是名詞片語,然而在範例裡,such 後加上的是形容詞 hot。

so… that 中 be 動詞的倒裝

要將 so… that 改寫成倒裝句,我們只需要兩個簡單的步驟:第一,把 so + adj. 移到句首;第二,將主詞與 be 動詞調換。同樣地,要將 such… that 變成倒裝句,只要將 such + N 移到句首,並把主詞與 be 動詞調換即可。我們可以將其整理成:

So adj. + be + S. + that + S + V. 
Such N. + be + S. + that+ S. + V.

因此,這兩個例句:

It was so hot a day that we went swimming. 
It was such a hot day that we went swimming.

改寫成倒裝句後將會變成:

So hot a day was it that we went swimming.
 Such a hot day was it that we went swimming.

接著,讓我們再看一組例句「天氣是如此的冷,以至於我忍不住地發抖」:

It is so cold that I can’t help trembling. 
= So cold is it that I can’t help trembling.

It is such a cold day that I can’t help trembling. 
= Such a cold day is it that I can’t help trembling.
= Such is the coldness that I can’t help trembling.

so… that 中一般動詞的倒裝

上面我們所講的都是 be 動詞的倒裝:It is so cold… 變成 So cold is it…。但是,如果今天我們所遇到的句子,所具有的不是 be 動詞而是一般動詞呢?此時,我們就得要將助動詞與動詞的順序改寫了。讓我們看看這個句子:

Jenny got so sick that she lied in bed all day.

要將其改成倒裝句,我們首先要將助動詞與動詞分開來寫,變成:

Jenny did get so sick that she lied in bed all day.

接著就是依循著將 so + adj. 移到句首的規則改寫,並且將助動詞與主詞、動詞間的順序改變,變成:

So sick did Jenny get that she lied in bed all day.

so… that 的倒裝與感嘆句的比較

學生們經常將 so… that 的倒裝句與 How… 與 What… 的感嘆語氣搞混。so 與 how 後同樣要接形容詞,such 與 what 後同樣要接名詞;而這四個句型同樣都表達著「很…」的強調與感嘆。那麼,它們間的差別在哪呢?

答案是:在於倒裝。so adj. 與 such Np. 放在句首時是它們倒裝句的型態;而 How adj. 與 What Np. 則是本來就放在句首,並沒有倒裝句型的問題。舉例來說:

So… that 的倒裝:
So beautiful is she that everyone loves her.
How…:
How beautiful she is!

Such… that 的倒裝:
Such a beautiful girl is she that everyone loves her.
What…:
What a beautiful girl she is!

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